According to the decision of upper limit of sulfur emissions specified in “MARPOL Convention”, through official fuel availability evaluation, provide three measures to handle the sulfur emissions limits.
1.Use low sulfur fuel oil
2.Use LNG alternative fuel
3.Install ship exhaust gas desulfurization devices
How to choose when the shipowners face the three measures? We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the three measures as below:
1.When use low sulfur oil, only need to make minor changes to the ship, mainly the price difference between heavy oil and low sulfur oil.
According to the ship burning 50 tons of oil per day, sailing 300 days calculation, the current price per ton is USD200, the whole year will pay additional 50x300x200=3 million dollars, according to the ship daily burning 100 tons of oil, sailing 300 days calculation, the current price difference per ton of 200 U.S. dollars, the whole year will pay additional 100x300x200= 6 million dollars.
It is reported that the total ratio of the geological reserves of heavy oil, conventional crude oil and natural gas to the global energy reserves is 53%, 25% and 22%. Thus, the geological reserves of heavy oil are more than the sum of conventional oil and gas reserves. According to the forecast of industry experts, heavy oil and its similar products will account for more than 50% of the world’s energy supply by the middle of 21st Century. Heavy oil energy will become the world’s most important source of fuel after conventional crude oil energy, playing an irreplaceable role in conventional crude oil energy. According to statistics, if shipowners pass on the costs difference of using low sulfur oil to the goods owner, the costs of the goods will increase 20%-30%. This will reduce the international competitiveness of national imports of raw materials and commodity exports, this also not the manufacturers want, it’s a very difficult problem to balance.
2.Use LNG as an alternative fuel: LNG fuel, as a clean fuel, can effectively reduce emissions of sulfur oxides and particles. However, it is not widely used because it is limited by the cost of reconstructing the system and the imperfections of the global filling facilities.
3.Ship Desulfurization Equipment technology has been matured, can achieve the IMO requirements of the ship fuel sulfur content 0.1%m/m equivalent treatment effect, the shipowners not need to worry about the application problems. Can continue to use cheap heavy oil while no need to rebuild the engine and oil supply system.
Meanwhile, according to the rules of “Ship Exhaust Gas Cleaning System Test & Inspect Guidance”, the ship exhaust gas desulfurization equipment is equipped with a continuous on-line detector, and the data records should be retained for not less than 18 months (from the date of recording). Records should be able to download a backup and reports in an easy-to-read format for inspection. Therefore, regardless of the emission control area or the high seas area, shipowners can’t escape supervision through cheating, provide processing capacity and performance protection for the ship exhaust gas desulfurization equipment.
As the desulfurization device is a exhaust gas after-treatment device, most shipyards and shipowners not familiar with desulfurization equipment. Desulfurization Equipment disposable investment price is high, this part costs will give shipowners relatively large economic pressure.
Combining the above methods, the shipowner only left the question of how to choose, choose to use low sulfur oil or desulfurization equipment, but the calculation problem of the cost input and recovery. Although, MEPC71 meeting on July 3rd, 2017 reconfirmed that the implementation date of the 0.5%m/m fuel content standards for the global sea area on January 1, 2020 remained unchanged, most shipowners were still expected to be lucky or expected to have a better way to solve the issue of exhaust emissions.
For now, ship desulfurization equipment may be the most economical option, but the real advantage is probably shown after 2020. According to the data analysis, the price of low sulfur oil may rise significantly at that time, and its various economic benefits will be obvious. The formulation of any legislation should allow for the diversification of performance methods, shipowners should consider the use of oil, gas and exhaust treatment equipment according to different ship types and driving routes.
How does the shipowner take action to the imminent 2020 Global Sulfur Limit?
Only 10 months left till the 2020 Global Sulfur Limit take effect, are the shipowners ready?
In fact, the solutions have gradually become clear:
1.Use low sulfur fuel oil, the replacement of heavy oil with low sulfur oil can directly solve the problem of sulfur content of exhaust emissions from the source. However, the low sulfur fuel oil cooling device needs to be installed additionally, the oil supply system of the engine also should be modified accordingly. In addition, the shipowner shall consider the expensive price and supply of low sulfur oil.
2.Use LNG as an alternative fuel: LNG fuel, as a clean fuel, can effectively reduce emissions of sulfur oxides and particles. However, it is not widely used because it is limited by the cost of reconstructing the system and the imperfections of the global filling facilities.
3.Install the ship exhaust gas desulfurization Devices: the “MARPOL Convention” (annex VI) makes it clear that ships can achieve equivalent sulfur emissions by adding exhaust gas desulfurization devices.
Exhaust gas desulfurization device into the actual engineering application stage has been more than dozens of years, a wide variety of treatment methods and mature technology. As the desulfurization device is a exhaust gas after-treatment device, most shipyards and shipowners not familiar with desulfurization equipment. Mature ship Desulfurization process is based on many years of practical experience accumulated, not can be perfected in a short period of time.
At present, there have several global ship desulfurization equipment manufacturers, after long-term process design, technology development and real ship inspection, ship exhaust gas desulfurization device and hull compatibility technology is now fully mature, shipowners not need to worry about the application problems. Can continue to use cheap heavy oil while no need to rebuild the engine and oil supply system.
According to the rules of “Ship Exhaust Gas Cleaning System Test & Inspect Guidance”, the ship exhaust gas desulfurization equipment is equipped with a continuous on-line detector, and the data records should be retained for not less than 18 months (from the date of recording). Records should be able to download a backup and reports in an easy-to-read format for inspection. Therefore, regardless of the emission control area or the high seas area, shipowners can’t escape supervision through cheating, provide processing capacity and performance protection for the ship exhaust gas desulfurization equipment.
wire mesh demister
Screen defoamer is a gas-liquid separation device, the gas through the defoamer silk pad, can remove entrainment fog.
Wire mesh defoamer is mainly composed of wire mesh, wire mesh grille composed of wire mesh block and fixed wire mesh block of the supporting device, wire mesh for various materials of the gas-liquid filter, gas-liquid filter is composed of wire or non-metal wire. The non – metallic wire of air – liquid filter is made of multi – ply non – metallic fiber or single – ply non – metallic wire. The screen defoamer can not only filter large liquid foam suspended in the air flow, but also can filter small and small liquid foam, widely used in chemical industry, petroleum, tower manufacturing, pressure vessels and other industries in the gas-liquid separation device.
Wire mesh defoamer, plastic wire mesh defoamer, pp wire mesh defoamer, drawer type wire mesh defoamer, inlaid wire mesh defoamer, top type wire mesh defoamer, bottom type wire mesh defoamer, etc.
Polyhedral ball
Ice sheet machine can be divided into three parts: heat exchange device, water circulation device, ice scraper and other components.
The ball is made of polypropylene plastic, and there is a reinforcing ring along the whole circumference in the middle of the ball, and there are twelve ball valves on the top and bottom of the ring, which are radially arranged along the central axis.
High gas velocity, many blades, small resistance; Large specific surface area, can fully solve the gas-liquid exchange; It has the characteristics of small resistance and high elasticity.
Widely used in chlorine gas, oxygen, carbon dioxide gas and other environmental protection equipment.
liquid distributor
Liquid distributor is a key component in packing column, which not only affects the mass transfer efficiency of packing, but also affects the operating elasticity of packing.
In order to reduce the amplification effect caused by poor liquid distribution and give full play to the efficiency of the packing, a liquid distributor must be installed in the packing tower to distribute the liquid evenly on the top of the packing layer. The quality of initial liquid distribution affects not only the mass transfer efficiency but also the operating elasticity of the packing. Therefore, the liquid distributor is a key internal part of the packed tower. There are many types of distributor, and the selection basis mainly includes distribution quality, operating elasticity, handling capacity, gas resistance, levelness and many other aspects.
The function of the liquid distributor is to evenly distribute or redistribute the liquid on the top of the packing or at a certain height, to improve the effective surface of mass transfer and heat transfer, improve the interphase contact, and thus improve the efficiency of the tower.
Swirl plate defogger
The swirl plate defogger is a device which USES the function of the swirl plate to change the axial flow into the swirl and the centrifugal force generated by the swirl.
The droplets are separated from the surface of the corrugated plate. The multi-fold structure of the corrugated plate of the defogger increases the chances of the entrapment set. The unremoved entrapment passes through the same action at the next bend and is captured set. In this way, the repeated action greatly improves the efficiency of defogging. After the gas passes through the corrugated plate demister, there is basically no mist. When the gas containing the foam flows through the demister at a certain speed, due to the inertial impact of the gas, the foam and the corrugated plate collide and are attached to the surface of the corrugated plate.
The difference between a glass ring and a ceramic ring
Difference
Vitrified ring is durable, vitrified ring is easy to cultivate and digest bacteria, but the vitrified ring should be better, the PH of vitrified ring is lower than that of vitrified ring, the PH of vitrified ring is between 7.0-7.5, vitrified ring is about 7.5-8.0.
introduction
Ceramic ring is an enhanced filter material with pure biological properties. Through the best biological purification of fresh water and sea water to obtain the best water quality, a pure biological properties of enhanced filtration materials. Can be used for all biological internal filters, external filters, drop purification filtration systems as well as garden pond filters.
As a highly efficient and durable filter material, it is especially suitable for small biological filters. As a prefilter material, biofilterable cotton can avoid the pollution caused by floating objects. Because ceramic annulus is full of fine pore, suit nitrification bacterium to breed, can rise to purify water qualitative effect.
Glass ring is also called biological ring or bacteria house, is the most economical and efficient filter material, generally made of talcum powder fired, porous, large surface area, suitable for a large number of nitrifying bacteria to live, is an indispensable filter material for fish farming. The main components are alumina, followed by zirconia, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, thorium oxide, uranium oxide and so on. They have good sintering performance, wide application, excellent effect on air purification and water treatment, and have functions of deodorization, absorption and filtration. The quality of precision ceramics depends on the control of the powder and sintering degree. From the naked eye, the texture is fine and smooth, the surface is smooth and shiny, and the color of milky white is superior.
bubble-cap column
Bubble cover tower is a kind of plate tower with bubble cover as gas-liquid contact element on tray. The tray is mainly composed of a tray with a number of bubble covers and a rising pipe, an overflow weir, a liquid receiving tray and a falling pipe. Liquid from the upper tray through the downcomer, through the bubble cover cross flow through the tray, from the overflow weir into the downcomer. The steam enters into the rising pipe of the bubble cover from bottom to top, and disperses into the liquid layer between the bubble cover through the tooth gap of the bubble cover, making full contact with the liquid. Advantages are large production capacity, not easy to plug, flexible operation. The disadvantage is that the structure is complex and the torsion drop of gas phase is large.
It is usually used to make vapor (or gas) in close contact with liquid to promote its mutual mass transfer. The tower is provided with a multi-layer horizontal tower plate, on which there are several short pipes for steam (or gas) to pass through, and the upper cover is provided with a bubble cover with tooth seam or small groove on the bottom edge, and an overflow pipe is provided. During operation, the liquid enters continuously from the upper part of the tower and descends through the overflow pipe plate by plate, and accumulates liquid layer on each plate to form liquid seal. The steam (or gas) enters from the bottom of the tower and disperses into small bubbles through the tooth seam or small groove on the bottom edge of the bubble cover. It is in full contact with the liquid and reaches the liquid level through the liquid layer. Then it rises to the upper layer of the tower plate. The short pipe installed in the tower is called internal overflow type; There are also installed outside the tower, called the external overflow type. Bubble column is widely used for distillation and gas absorption.
sieve plate
Screen plate is also called porous plate, which has good wear resistance, long service life, good wet resistance and wear resistance.
The sieve plate is rectangular, square, round, herringbone, bar, narrow and fine hole, rectangle, pattern plate, long round hole, triangle hole, square hole, plum hole, shell hole, fish-scale hole and so on.
Metallurgy (iron ore, limestone, fluorite, cooling bf slag, coke and other raw materials), non-ferrous metal, gold, coal, chemical, building materials and hydropower engineering, abrasive waste treatment, quarry materials washing, screening, classification, deslagging, desliming, dehydration and other mechanical industries.
1. Polyurethane elastomer sieve plate has good wear resistance and long service life, which is more than 10 times that of metal sieve plate, 3-5 times that of common rubber plate and 2-3 times that of stainless steel.
2, tons of ore consumption is lower than the metal screen screen.
3. Good moisture resistance and wear resistance.
4. Shock absorption and noise reduction, more than 10bB times lower than metal sieve plate (mesh).
5, automatic cleaning, due to the characteristics of the secondary vibration of polyurethane, no plugging hole, high screening efficiency.
ceramic ring
Ceramic ring, through the biological purification of fresh water and seawater to obtain the best water quality, is a pure biological properties of the enhanced filtration material.
Can be used for all biological internal filters, external filters, drop purification filtration systems and garden pond filters.
As a highly effective and durable filtration material, it is especially suitable for small biological filters. As a prefiltration material, biofiltration cotton can avoid the pollution caused by floating objects.
Because ceramic annulus is full of fine pore, suit nitrification bacterium to breed, can have purify water qualitative effect.
As a highly effective and durable filtration material, it is especially suitable for small biological filters. As a prefiltration material, biofiltration cotton can avoid the pollution caused by floating objects.
Because ceramic annulus is full of fine pore, suit nitrification bacterium to breed, can have purify water qualitative effect.
Feature
High performance in small filters.
Rapid action – whether fresh or Marine aquarium, the best water quality.